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Nickel Waspaloy

Nickel Waspaloy (Alloy 685)

Waspaloy (also known as Alloy 685) is a nickel base, age hardenable superalloy with excellent high-temperature strength and good corrosion resistance by combustion products, notably to oxidation, at service temperatures of up to 1200°F (650°C) for critical rotating applications, and up to 1600°F (870°C) for less demanding applications. At temperatures over 1600°F (870°C), intergranular oxidation can occur.

The corrosion resistance is very good even after numerous cycles of elevated temperature exposure, or constant exposure to temperatures of up to 1900°F (1038°C). For the best possible corrosion resistance, solution-treated material is recommended. Waspaloy is also known to behave well in atmospheres in gas turbine engine service and salt spray environments.

Due to these properties, Nickel Waspaloy finds use in gas turbine engine components and aircraft jet engines, such as compressor disks, rotor disks, shafts, spacers, seals, rings, and casings. It also finds use in fasteners and other engine hardware in airframe assemblies and missile systems. Waspaloy is produced by vacuum induction melting and vacuum arc refining (VIM/VAR), or by vacuum induction melting and electroslag refining (VIM/ESR).

Tech Steel & Materials offers Nickel Waspaloy in 8 sub-type specifications and in multiple shapes/forms:

Chemical Composition of Nickel Waspaloy

Chemical Composition of Nickel Waspaloy (Nominal Composition Alloy 685)

Element min max
Carbon 0.02 0.10
Manganese — 0.10
Silicon — 0.15
Phosphorus — 0.015
Sulfur — 0.015
Chromium 18.00 21.00
Cobalt 12.00 15.00
Molybdenum 3.50 5.00
Titanium 2.75 3.25
Aluminum 1.20 1.60
Zirconium 0.02 0.08
Boron 0.003 0.010
Iron — 2.00
Copper — 0.10
Lead — 0.0005 (5 ppm)
Bismuth — 0.00003 (0.3 ppm)
Selenium — 0.0003 (3 ppm)
Silver — 0.0005 (5 ppm)
Nickel* remainder

*Not exclusively to the element mentioned, but that one predominates other elements that are used only in minimal quantities.

Fabrication and Working Instructions for Waspaloy

Waspaloy can be hot-worked in the temperature range of 2140-1800°F (1170-980°C), and cold-worked by hydroforming, drawing, spinning, bending, and rolling. That said, this nickel base alloy is difficult to machine and special instructions must be followed.

As for joining, Waspaloy can be readily-welded only in carefully controlled circumstances with argon-arc methods using the AMS 5828 composition filler metal. That said, welds should be avoided in high-stress locations, due to the fact that the high strength of the welds is lower than a heat-treated material. More precisely, Waspaloy may show “hot short” tendency and sensitivity to strain cracking. That’s why, it is highly recommended that welding is done on a material that is only solution treated, and then re-solution treated together with the weld.

Physical Constants of Waspaloy (Alloy 685)

Density 0.296 lb/in3
8.19 g/cm3
Melting Range 2425-2475°F (1330-1360°C)
Coefficient of Thermal Expansion at 70-200°F (21-93°C) – 6.8 x 10-6 in/in/°F
at 70-1000°F (21-583°C) – 7.7 x 10-6 in/in/°F
at 70-2000°F (21-1093°C) – 10.4 x 10-6 in/in/°F
Electrical Resistivity Solution treated at 1975°F (1080°C) and cooled for 4 hours – 1.24 microhm•m (0.38 microhm•ft)
Fully age hardened at 1550°F (845°C), and cooled for 24 hours + reheat to 760°C (1400°F), and cooled for 16 hours – 1.20 microhm•m (0.37 microhm•ft)
Modulus of Elasticity (Dynamic) at 70°F (21°C) – 30.3 x 103 ksi (211 GPa)
at 1000°F (538°C) – 26.7 x 103 ksi (184 GPa)
at 1600°F (871°C) – 22.7 x 103 ksi (157 GPa)
Magnetic Permeability (200 oersteds) Solution treated + aged – 1.004

Minimum Tensile Properties (Room Temp)

Property Value
Tensile Strength 175 ksi
Yield Strength at 0.2% Offset 120 ksi
Elongation in 4D 15%
Reduction of Area 18%

Heat Treating Nickel Waspaloy

Nickel Waspaloy is heat treated in a three-step sequence. There are two different treatments available, both giving different properties to the alloy:

For parts that require high-temperature creep and stress-rupture properties:

  • Solution treatment – heat at 1975°F (1080°C), and air cool for 4 hours to produce hardness of 20-25 Rockwell C;
  • Stabilization – reheat to 1550°F (845°C), and air cool for 24 hours;
  • Age harden – reheat to 1400°F (760°C), and air cool for 16 hours to achieve a hardness of 34-40 Rockwell C;

For parts that require optimum tensile properties at room temperature and high-temperature environments:

  • Solution treatment – heat at 1825-1895°F (995-1035°C), and then oil quench for 4 hours;
  • Stabilization – reheat to 1550°F (845°C), and air cool for 4 hours;
  • Age harden – reheat to 1400°F (760°C), and air cool for 16 hours to produce hardness of 33-44 Rockwell C;

Scale may be formed on the alloy during heat treatment in oxidizing atmospheres. However, this doesn’t affect the properties of the alloy and can be removed by acid pickling or mechanically.

Select AMS Number:

AMS Number Alloy Type UNS Cross Ref. Spec Misc./Shape
AMS 5544 Waspaloy Nickel N07001  
AMS 5544 Waspaloy Plate Waspaloy Nickel N07001 - Waspaloy Plate AMS 5544 Waspaloy Plate
AMS 5544 Waspaloy Sheet Waspaloy Nickel N07001 - Waspaloy Sheet AMS 5544 Waspaloy Sheet
AMS 5544 Waspaloy Strip Waspaloy Nickel N07001 - Waspaloy Strip AMS 5544 Waspaloy Strip
AMS 5586
 Waspaloy Nickel N07001 - Waspaloy Tubing Waspaloy
AMS 5704
 Waspaloy Nickel N07001 - Waspaloy Forging Waspaloy
AMS 5706 Waspaloy Nickel N07001  
AMS 5706 Waspaloy Bar Waspaloy Nickel N07001 - Waspaloy Bar AMS 5706 Waspaloy Bar
AMS 5706 Waspaloy Forging Waspaloy Nickel N07001 - Waspaloy Forging AMS 5706 Waspaloy Forging
AMS 5706 Waspaloy Ring Waspaloy Nickel N07001 - Waspaloy Ring AMS 5706 Waspaloy Ring
AMS 5707 Waspaloy Nickel N07001  
AMS 5707 Waspaloy Bar Waspaloy Nickel N07001 - Waspaloy Bar AMS 5707 Waspaloy Bar
AMS 5707 Waspaloy Forging Waspaloy Nickel N07001 - Waspaloy Forging AMS 5707 Waspaloy Forging
AMS 5707 Waspaloy Ring Waspaloy Nickel N07001 - Waspaloy Ring AMS 5707 Waspaloy Ring
AMS 5708 Waspaloy Nickel N07001  
AMS 5708 Waspaloy Bar Waspaloy Nickel N07001 - Waspaloy Bar AMS 5708 Waspaloy Bar
AMS 5708 Waspaloy Forging Waspaloy Nickel N07001 - Waspaloy Forging AMS 5708 Waspaloy Forging
AMS 5708 Waspaloy Ring Waspaloy Nickel N07001 - Waspaloy Ring AMS 5708 Waspaloy Ring
AMS 5709 Waspaloy Nickel N07001  
AMS 5709 Waspaloy Bar Waspaloy Nickel N07001 - Waspaloy Bar AMS 5709 Waspaloy Bar
AMS 5709 Waspaloy Forging Waspaloy Nickel N07001 - Waspaloy Forging AMS 5709 Waspaloy Forging
AMS 5828
 Waspaloy Nickel N07001 - Waspaloy Wire Waspaloy